Time can be understood as a “corollary of space and matter,” both necessary for time to exist. Therefore God is above time for He created matter and preceded it. It’s the effect of these forces acting on each other. For instance, gravity bends time according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity. History has been described as an endless or infinite series of efficient or finite causes.
The law of cause and effect says that all events have causes and there can be no effect that is uncaused. (Note that God’s name can be interpreted as I CAUSE TO BE). Time is therefore caused by a preceding event and is an effect. Stephen Hawking proposed not only the beginning of time but its end.
The Bible says that all things began at creation and that there was a beginning to time per 2 Tim. 1:9 and Titus 1:2. And the law of causality necessitates effects to follow and not precede causes because there can be no uncaused effect. Effects and events can not be undone and therefore time cannot be redone or gone into reverse. What happens, happens. What’s done is done! Time does not go back any more than an effect producing a cause rather than the cause producing the effect.
Entropy (the Second Law of Thermodynamics about the transfer of energy constantly into less usable forms) is the continuation of the wasting away or wearing down of energy and undoing of a cause, the effects of time on matter/energy. The cause of the Big Bang (which itself was presumably caused by God as theists see it), for instance, is being worn down as far as the amount of energy produced, and eventually, there will be no useful energy left to produce any more effects. The causes will end and time will end too just like it presumably began at the Big Bang. Time takes energy in other words. It can be seen as the energy clock that began at the Big Bang and is winding down.
There is no constant feeding of new energy into the cosmos but only wearing down of what’s in it because it’s a closed system (not to be renewed with fresh input of energy.) Time is a matter of quantum physics because it seems to cease at the point of absolute zero, and it cannot be studied under scientific methods and within scientific parameters.
God must be totally in control and sovereign or He is not God or the Lord. There are no degrees of freedom but God controls all and there is no final or absolute freedom beyond which God allows and decrees as His will. Our so-called freedom doesn't interfere with His power to control or sovereignty. Entropy is worked into and is part of creation, but in the new earth and new heaven, there might not be a closed system but a constant filling of new energy making it possible for time to go on forever without end. Things will not grow old like our bodies!
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